Impact of Isoniazid on Metabolic Dysfunction, Toxicity and Lifespan in Long-Term Monosodium Glutamate-Treated Mice

Syed Rabbani, Abdullah Almushawwah and Abdullah Alghannam

Background and Objective: Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is a widely used flavor enhancer that has been associated with obesity and metabolic disturbances, as well as potential liver and kidney dysfunction. Considering the importance of these organs in metabolic regulation and detoxification, it is necessary to explore substances such as isoniazid (INH) that may alter or influence these effects. Therefore, this research focused on evaluating how INH affects metabolic parameters, toxicity indicators and the functional status of the liver and kidneys in MSG-exposed animals. Materials and Methods: A total of forty-eight male Swiss albino mice were arbitrarily assigned to six experimental groups: A saline-treated control group, a negative control group receiving isoniazid (INH, 100 mg/kg for 10 days), a positive control group administered monosodium glutamate (MSG, 4 mg/kg for 40 days) and three treatment groups receiving MSG (40 days) in combination with INH at concentrations of 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg, respectively for last 10 days. Animals from all groups were evaluated for metabolic alterations, clinical indicators of toxicity, survival outcomes and pointers of renal and hepatic dysfunction. Statistical investigation was accomplished employing one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) along with Tukey’s post hoc multiple comparison test and statistical implication labeled as p<0.05. Results: The findings verified that continuous MSG exposure significantly (p<0.01) amplified body weight, food and water intake, blood glucose, grimace scores, renal and hepatic biomarkers and mortality in mice, suggesting noticeable metabolic and systemic toxicity. Co-administration of INH produced a dose-dependent aggravation of MSG-induced adverse effects. Notably, INH at concentrations of 50 and 100 mg/kg significantly intensified (p<0.01) metabolic disturbances (except blood glucose levels) grimace scale scores and markers of kidney and liver dysfunction comparative to the MSG-only group. Furthermore, INH treatment raised mortality rates in MSG-exposed mice. Conclusion: The results reveal that INH can aggravate the adverse effects associated with chronic MSG exposure and increase the risk of complications. Further research is affirmed to validate these observations and to explain the exact impact of MSG on health outcomes, as well as its potential interactions with frequently used therapeutic agents.

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