Nano-Methanol Extract of Binahong (Anredera cordifolia) Leaves Inhibits Fusarium oxysporum Growth in vitro and Controls Fusarium Wilt in Shallot Plants

Hersanti , Syifa Ginanjar, Lindung Puspasari, Noor Istifadah, Endah Yulia and Toto Sunarto

Background and Objective: Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae (Foc) causes Fusarium wilt disease in shallots, with potential yield losses up to 50% if not properly managed. The widespread use of synthetic fungicides poses risks to human health and the environment. Binahong (Anredera cordifolia) leaves contain antifungal secondary metabolites and are a promising botanical alternative. Nano-sizing such plant-based extracts may enhance their efficacy. This study aimed to assess the effect of nano-sized methanol extract of Binahong leaves on the in vitro growth of Foc and the severity of Fusarium wilt in shallots and to compare it with the non-nano extract at higher concentrations. Materials and Methods: The study involved both in vitro and in vivo experiments. In vitro tests were arranged using a completely randomized design and in vivo experiments followed a randomized complete block design with four replications. Treatments included nano Binahong methanol extract at 0, 1,250, 2,500, 5,000 and 10,000 ppm; non-nano extract at 20,000 ppm and the synthetic fungicide mancozeb (1 g/L) as a standard. Key parameters measured included colony growth, conidial germination, disease incidence and disease intensity. Data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA at a significance level of 5% (p<0.05). Results: Nano Binahong extract significantly outperformed the non-nano extract in inhibiting Foc growth and suppressing disease development. At 1,250 ppm, it caused the highest inhibition of colony growth (37.77%) and conidial germination (90.52%), compared to 26.66 and 88.36% inhibition, respectively, by the non-nano extract at 20,000 ppm. The same nano concentration (1,250 ppm) reduced Fusarium wilt incidence and intensity in shallots by 92.36%, the highest among all treatments. Conclusion: Nano methanol extract of Binahong leaves is highly effective in controlling Foc and reducing Fusarium wilt in shallots, even at much lower concentrations than the non-nano extract. This indicates its potential as an efficient, eco-friendly alternative to chemical fungicides. Future studies should explore its field application and formulation stability.

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